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The EMA pandemic Task Force (COVID-ETF) helps EU member states and the European Commission (EC) to take quick and coordinated regulatory action on COVID-19 treatments and vaccines. Delayed submissions As a result of pressure on the work time of regulators from COVID-19 matters, pharmaceutical companies are thought to be holding back the application for marketing authorizations of their products or approval of variations of marketing authorizations. Regulators are not only worried about having to grapple with a rush of delayed submissions but also the extra burden of implementing new EU legislation in areas like veterinary medicine, medical devices, and personal data protection. A joint HMA/EMA Big Data Task Force recommended in December 2019 that the regulatory network set up a platform for access and analysis of healthcare data from across the EU (5).
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The COVID 19 pandemic has caused an increase in the number of owned cats and dogs and the resulting increased demand for veterinarians and veterinary services. This has also caused increased work stress and performance issues by veterinarians. This paper describes how veterinarians can minimize work stress by modifying their schedule of medical activities in order to still maintain an ideal work life balance.
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The lives of pet animals are equally essential as how a human life. Pet owners and the veterinarian are responsible for providing good welfare for pets despite the problems. However, the rise of COVID-19 temporarily disturbs the veterinary services where some of them limit or stop their operations, resulting in the absence and difficulties for the pet owners to locate the available veterinarian, especially when there is an immediate need for treatment, vaccination, or consultation. Aside from that, setting an appointment and buying the pet's needs are seen to be a problem with regards to the situation since most of the pet owners are afraid to go outside because they might be infected with the virus. In line with this, TerraVet: A Mobile and Web Application Framework for Veterinary Clinics and Pet Owners is proposed to resolve the underlying dilemmas in administering and facilitating veterinary care. The main objective of this suggested project is to develop and design a platform where pet owners may locate their nearby veterinarian using the Global Positioning System (GPS) technology. In addition, the application enables the pet owner to arrange an appointment, product reservation, and online consultation. The veterinary clinic may post details regarding their offered services, products, and medicines. TerraVet will also design an electronic pet card to monitor their health status. © 2022 ACM.
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As the SARS-COVID19 pandemic abruptly curtailed our prime objective, the team resorted to assisting local practices as best it could, before restarting the peripatetic mission later in 2020.
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Stringent COVID-19 public health and social measures (PHSMs) have challenged the work of animal health professionals, especially in the early phase of the pandemic. We aimed to qualitatively describe how COVID-19 PHSMs have affected the surveillance and control of African swine fever (ASF) in Europe, assess how professionals engaged in these activities perceived the impact of the COVID-19 crisis, and identify potential areas of improvement. An online questionnaire was proposed via email between 9 December 2020 and 22 January 2021 to professionals engaged in ASF-related activities in Europe and Eastern neighboring countries. The questionnaire contained questions pertaining to ASF surveillance and control activities between March and May 2020, respondent's perception of the impact of COVID-19 PHSMs on these activities, and respondent's opinion on potential improvements to prepare for future crises. Economic and sanitary variables were used to describe the national contexts over the study period. Twenty-seven respondents from 24 countries participated to the study. Essential activities related to surveillance and management of ASF were reduced and/or adapted but maintained in most surveyed countries. Communication was mentioned as the first area of improvement during crisis while maintenance of efficient veterinary services and surveillance activities were cited second and third top priorities. The need for the development of remote procedures was also recognized. Some respondents highlighted difficulties in ensuring biosecurity and biosafety of the field actors due to shortage in protective equipment. Only a small majority (52%) of the survey participants agreed that their institution/working group is better prepared to future lockdown-type situations. Our study emphasizes that short-term measures were globally successful to tackle the immediate impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on the routine duties of professionals involved in ASF surveillance and control. Our findings suggest that country-specific improvements are necessary to support and advance the preparedness of the actors involved in infectious animal disease surveillance and control in case lockdown-like measures are implemented. Overall, our results highlight the crucial importance of recognizing animal health services as essential activities during crisis.
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This article describes the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the rate of pet adoptions, provision and quality of veterinary services, staff working conditions, attitudes and well-being and solutions to address these and other issues in the veterinary profession.
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The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic reinforced the central role of the One Health (OH) approach, as a multisectoral and multidisciplinary perspective, to tackle health threats at the human-animal-environment interface. This study assessed Brazilian preparedness and response to COVID-19 and zoonoses with a focus on the OH approach and equity dimensions. We conducted an environmental scan using a protocol developed as part of a multi-country study. The article selection process resulted in 45 documents: 79 files and 112 references on OH; 41 files and 81 references on equity. The OH and equity aspects are poorly represented in the official documents regarding the COVID-19 response, either at the federal and state levels. Brazil has a governance infrastructure that allows for the response to infectious diseases, including zoonoses, as well as the fight against antimicrobial resistance through the OH approach. However, the response to the pandemic did not fully utilize the resources of the Brazilian state, due to the lack of central coordination and articulation among the sectors involved. Brazil is considered an area of high risk for emergence of zoonoses mainly due to climate change, large-scale deforestation and urbanization, high wildlife biodiversity, wide dry frontier, and poor control of wild animals' traffic. Therefore, encouraging existing mechanisms for collaboration across sectors and disciplines, with the inclusion of vulnerable populations, is required for making a multisectoral OH approach successful in the country.
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The purpose of this report was to document the immediate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dairy cattle farming in Ethiopia and draw recommendations for enhancing dairy farming and the dairy sector's resilience to such pandemics and other market shocks. It presents the results of a rapid survey of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on smallholder and medium-scale dairy cattle farmers in Ethiopia during the period between 5 September and 11 October 2020. A total of 1815 farmers who are part of the African Dairy Genetics Gains (ADGG) programme from five regions of Ethiopia, and one city administration participated in the study. Majority of the respondents reported that dairy farming input supply and service provision such as feed, veterinary services, animal vaccines, artificial insemination and daily hired labour had all decreased during the pandemic. More than half (60%) of the respondents reported a decrease in the total volume of milk produced per household, which was linked to the shortage of feed and other services. Forty-six percent of the respondents reported selling milk at a lower price compared to periods before the pandemic. Decreasing demand for milk by direct consumers, cooperatives and processors is one potential reason for the lower milk sales price. In conclusion, service providers and input suppliers (both government and private sector) working in collaboration with the Ministry of Agriculture are important in safeguarding farmers from shocks which result from man-made or natural disasters such as those brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, supporting dairy cooperatives and processors to produce at full capacity and linking dairy farmers to microfinance providers so they can access credit will ensure sustained profitability of their dairy farms.
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Ensuring pet/livestock's health is need of an hour. In some situations immediate accessibility to hospital is tough for pet owners/farmers (for example: current COVID-19 situation),in such cases there's a need to provide virtual treatment to animals. An application named Livestockly is developed using Flutter and data is stored using Firebase. This application is simple and easy to use and useful for distant areas. Affiliation with Government bodies can be claimed by providing Farmer's code(Saatbara code) to the system. © 2021 IEEE.
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Laboratory work on viral phylogenetics combined with broad claims about agricultural practices in South China, specifically the cultivation of free-grazing ducks, to produce claims about China as a disease epicenter;the development of spatial models of influenza epidemics in the early 2000s turned this ideological claim into a research object. Using a case study of the FAO Emergency Center for Transboundary Animal Diseases established in Beijing in 2006, Fearnley suggests that senior technical director Vincent Martin employed two contrasting tactics to gain access to the epidemic epicenter: affinity, involving the cultivation of relationships to facilitate exchange of information and materials, and stratification, in which Martin demonstrated the insignificance of territorial boundaries to questions of epidemic risk and biosecurity. Rich McKay has recently shed light on stigmatizing discourses of “Patient Zero” that arose in the context of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the 1980s.2 How do the scaled-up efforts to demarcate zones of risk traced so carefully by Fearnley connect to ever-growing concerns with identifying the individual, episodic origin of epidemics?
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This article describes the management procedures that enable veterinary clinics to continue to provide services, while maintaining the health and safety of the clinic staff, clients and pets in light of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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This qualitative study aimed to explore the experiences of low-income pet guardians in accessing veterinary care during COVID-19. Participants were recruited through a purposive sampling method: 12 individuals who applied to and met the low-income threshold to access support for veterinary fees from the Vancouver Humane Society (VHS) were invited for semi-structured in-depth telephone interviews. Participants indicated that they experienced pandemic-related barriers related to and compounded by their low-income status. Their experiences fit into three categories: the barriers to accessing veterinary care pre-and peri-COVID-19, the emotional impact of compounding barriers related to accessing veterinary care during COVID-19, and the human-animal bond and resilience in the context of COVID-19. Drawing on the One Health, One Welfare approach, we argue that veterinary and animal services should evaluate and improve their support services, particularly programs developed for low-income pet guardians. Based on the participants' recommendations, we propose that veterinary and animal services prepare for future disaster situations by increasing their financial capacity to support people needing assistance, undergoing training to better work with people experiencing financial and emotional stress, and providing easily accessible resources to better distribute knowledge about animal needs and available financial assistance programming. The suggestions are intended to benefit animals, their guardians, and both veterinary and animal service sector workers.
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All-hazards preparedness and response planning requires ongoing individual, organisational and multi-jurisdictional learning. Disaster after-action reviews are an established emergency management practice to acquire knowledge through a process of analysing what happened and why, to improve the emergency response before the next crisis. After-action reviews help individuals and organisations learn, and are an essential step in the preparedness cycle. Human and animal health authorities have begun to employ after-action reviews for disaster preparedness and response among public health and Veterinary Services. The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) encourages Members to establish after-action reviews and share best practice. The adoption of afteraction review is an essential step for all provincial, national and multinational emergency management authorities to mitigate the impact of disasters on human and animal health. Emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases with pandemic potential pose unique preparedness challenges, requiring high-level policy attention to close long-standing gaps. A review of after-action reports from the 2001 anthrax bioterror attacks and of naturally occurring infectious disease crises, from the 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) to the 2014 Ebola epidemic, reveal a similar pattern of repeated weakness and failures. These phenomena are described as 'lessons observed but not lessons learned'. Most infectious disease outbreaks with pandemic potential are zoonotic and require a One Health approach to prevent, prepare for and respond to global health security crises. After-action reviews in a One Health security context are essential to improve the pandemic preparedness of public health and Veterinary Services. After-action reviews can also provide the evidence-based 'feedback loop' needed to galvanise public policy and political will to translate lessons observed into sustained and applied lessons learned.
La planification de la préparation et de la réponse à tous les risques est un processus qui exige un apprentissage permanent tant à l'échelle des individus que des organisations et des différentes autorités compétentes. Les retours d'expérience (ou « revues après action¼) suite à une catastrophe constituent un exercice éprouvé de gestion des urgences visant à acquérir de nouvelles connaissances en procédant à l'analyse de ce qui est arrivé et des raisons pour lesquelles c'est arrivé, dans le but d'améliorer les capacités d'intervention d'urgence avant que ne survienne la prochaine crise. Les individus et les organisations trouvent dans ces retours un cadre pour tirer des enseignements de leur expérience, ce qui constitue une étape essentielle du cycle de préparation. Les autorités en charge de la santé humaine et de la santé animale ont commencé à utiliser les retours d'expérience pour planifier la préparation et la réponse au sein des Services de santé publique et des Services vétérinaires. L'Organisation mondiale de la santé animale (OIE) encourage ses Membres à mettre en place des retours d'expérience et à partager les meilleures pratiques en la matière. L'analyse des retours d'expérience est une étape cruciale pour que les autorités en charge de la gestion des urgences à l'échelle provinciale, nationale et internationale puissent atténuer l'impact des catastrophes sur la santé humaine et animale. Les maladies émergentes et ré-émergentes ayant un potentiel pandémique posent des défis exceptionnels en termes de préparation et exigent des prises de décision de haut niveau afin de pallier des lacunes souvent anciennes. L'examen des retours d'expérience datant des attentats terroristes à l'anthrax de 2001 et des crises sanitaires dues à des maladies infectieuses d'origine naturelle (depuis l'épidémie du syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère [SRAS] en 2003 jusqu'à l'épidémie d'Ebola en 2014) révèle des caractéristiques toujours similaires, avec à chaque fois les mêmes faiblesses et les mêmes écueils. Ce phénomène correspond à ce que l'on peut appeler des « leçons observées mais non apprises ¼. Compte tenu de la nature zoonotique de la plupart des foyers de maladies infectieuses ayant un potentiel pandémique, c'est l'approche Une seule santé qui doit prévaloir en matière de prévention, de préparation et de réponse aux crises de sécurité sanitaire d'envergure mondiale. Les retours d'expérience dans un contexte de sécurité Une seule santé sont essentiels pour améliorer la préparation des Services de santé publique et des Services vétérinaires aux pandémies. En outre, les « boucles de réaction¼ fondées sur des éléments factuels résultant des retours d'expérience apportent un éclairage indispensable pour inciter les pouvoirs publics à élaborer des mesures appropriées et pour créer la volonté politique de traduire les leçons observées en leçons durablement apprises et appliquées.
La planificación de las labores de preparación y respuesta ante toda clase de peligros exige un permanente aprendizaje tanto personal como institucional y desde múltiples competencias. El examen de las intervenciones tras un desastre constituye un arraigado proceder de gestión de emergencias que sirve para aprender de la experiencia analizando el cómo y el porqué de lo sucedido y, a partir de ahí, mejorar los procesos de respuesta de emergencia antes de que advenga la siguiente crisis. Estos exámenes posteriores a las intervenciones, que ayudan a las personas y organizaciones a aprender, son una etapa fundamental del ciclo de preparación. Las autoridades sanitarias y zoosanitarias han empezado a utilizarlos en los servicios de salud pública y los Servicios Veterinarios con fines de preparación y respuesta para casos de desastre. La Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal (OIE) alienta a sus Miembros a que establezcan este tipo de exámenes y pongan en común prácticas óptimas al respecto. La implantación del examen posterior a las intervenciones es un paso esencial para que todas las autoridades provinciales, nacionales e internacionales de gestión de emergencias estén en condiciones de mitigar los efectos sanitarios y zoosanitarios de un desastre. Las enfermedades infecciosas emergentes y reemergentes con potencial pandémico plantean singulares problemas de preparación, que requieren una atención y una labor normativa de alto nivel para solventar carencias históricas. El examen de los informes posteriores a las actuaciones de respuesta a los ataques bioterroristas perpetrados en 2001 con bacterias de carbunco (ántrax) y a crisis infecciosas de origen natural, desde el brote registrado en 2003 de síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SRAS) hasta la epidemia causada por el virus del Ébola en 2014, revela un parecido patrón de fallos y carencias que se van repitiendo, fenómeno que se describe como «hechos observados sin enseñanzas extraídas¼. La mayoría de los brotes de enfermedades infecciosas con potencial pandémico son zoonóticos y exigen la aplicación de la lógica de Una sola salud para prevenir crisis sanitarias de dimensión mundial, prepararse para ellas y darles respuesta. Los exámenes posteriores a una intervención inscritos en el contexto de seguridad sanitaria de Una sola salud son esenciales para mejorar la preparación de los servicios de salud pública y los Servicios Veterinarios para episodios de pandemia. Estos procesos de examen también pueden alimentar con datos científicos el «ciclo de retroalimentación¼ que se requiere para galvanizar las políticas públicas y la voluntad política de traducir los hechos observados en enseñanzas extraídas que sean duraderas y se apliquen en la práctica.
Subject(s)
Disasters , Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola , Animals , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Global Health , Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/epidemiology , Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/veterinary , Humans , Public HealthABSTRACT
The research aims to explore COVID-19 health and safety protocol impacts on companion animal guardians living with (dis)abilities relating to veterinary medical and behavioral service access. The COVID-19 global public health crisis has impacted almost all international communities; however, vulnerable and marginalized groups have been disproportionately affected. Within the human-companion animal domain, COVID-19-driven societal impacts (e.g., social, health, and economic) not only boomed with new companion animal guardians, but also negatively influenced guardians' access to veterinary services. Although studies have examined guardian-related COVID-19-specific challenges, there is a paucity of concentration on vulnerable populations, such as persons with disabilities (PWDs). Responding to this research deficit, this study recruited twelve companion animal guardians to participate in semi-structured in-depth interviews, and eight (67%) of the twelve participants self-identified as PWDs. From a PWD perspective, this research reveals three pandemic-triggered primary barriers, preventing PWDs from pursuing veterinary services: (1) service affordability, (2) assistance program feasibility, and (3) veterinary service accessibility. This article argues that PWD-driven approaches could improve existing assistance and support programs to address PWDs' unique requirements, promoting a healthy human-animal bond.
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Responses to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic have included travel bans and social distancing with "shelter in place" orders, resulting in sudden changes in human activity and subsequent effects on the global and national economy. We speculate that animal health will likely be impacted by COVID-19 through the immediate consequences of sudden human confinement and inactivity, and through the long-term consequences of the upcoming economic crisis on farmer livelihoods and veterinary service capacities. We expect the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent economic crisis to impact negatively on the control of diseases that are already present in Europe, as well as on the European capacity to prevent and respond in a timely manner to new and emerging animal diseases. We also expect an increased attention to the animal health implications of coronavirus infections in animals. Mechanisms explaining these outcomes include increased wildlife-livestock contacts due to human confinement; disruption of ongoing testing schemes for endemic diseases; lower disease surveillance efforts; and lower capacity for managing populations of relevant wildlife reservoirs. The main mitigation action consists in adapting animal health management strategies to the available resources.